Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis in Asia, 1990–2021: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

GBD 2021 Asia Allergic Disorders Collaborators

doi:10.1111/cea.70024

Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis in Asia, 1990–2021: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

GBD 2021 Asia Allergic Disorders Collaborators

Research and Innovation Office

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background: Given the diverse population and regional differences across Asia, a comprehensive analysis of allergic diseases is crucial for guiding healthcare planning, resource allocation, and prevention strategies. Therefore, utilising the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we aimed to thoroughly investigate the burden of allergic conditions and their attributable risk factors in Asia. Methods: Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence and burden estimates were calculated across various regions within Asia (Central, South, Southeast, East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific) from 1990 to 2021, covering age groups segmented into five-year intervals and analysing data separately and combined for males and females. The Bayesian meta-regression tool was employed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and cause-specific mortality of allergic disorders. Asthma-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to each risk factor were estimated using relative risks, risk exposure and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Results: From 1990 to 2021, asthma in Asia showed significant declines in age-standardised prevalence, mortality, and DALYs, exceeding global trends. In 2021, an estimated 106 million (95% UI, 92–121) individuals in Asia had asthma, with age-standardised rates decreasing significantly. However, asthma-related deaths still accounted for 346,755 (278,046–464,848) cases in 2021. In contrast, the AD burden remained stable, with 68.1 million (65.4–71.0) cases in 2021, reflecting a 16.1% increase since 1990, though the age-standardised prevalence remained unchanged. AD exhibited the highest DALYs rates in high-income Asia Pacific and Central Asia, with significant gender disparities in prevalence. Conclusion: This study showed a declining age-standardised asthma burden, mortality, and impact, along with a stable burden of AD in Asia from 1990 to 2021. This comprehensive data analysis would provide invaluable insights for making targeted health interventions and policies aimed at mitigating the burden of allergic diseases in Asia.

Original language	English
Journal	Clinical and Experimental Allergy
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.70024
Publication status	Published - 9 Jul 2025

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
SDG 5 Gender Equality
SDG 10 Reduced Inequalities

Keywords

allergy
Asia
asthma
atopic dermatitis
Global Burden of Disease Injuries and Risk Factors Study

Access to Document

10.1111/cea.70024

Cite this

@article{f460961f511e4d46964acb1cb08078a8,

title = "Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis in Asia, 1990–2021: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021",

abstract = "Background: Given the diverse population and regional differences across Asia, a comprehensive analysis of allergic diseases is crucial for guiding healthcare planning, resource allocation, and prevention strategies. Therefore, utilising the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we aimed to thoroughly investigate the burden of allergic conditions and their attributable risk factors in Asia. Methods: Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence and burden estimates were calculated across various regions within Asia (Central, South, Southeast, East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific) from 1990 to 2021, covering age groups segmented into five-year intervals and analysing data separately and combined for males and females. The Bayesian meta-regression tool was employed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and cause-specific mortality of allergic disorders. Asthma-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to each risk factor were estimated using relative risks, risk exposure and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Results: From 1990 to 2021, asthma in Asia showed significant declines in age-standardised prevalence, mortality, and DALYs, exceeding global trends. In 2021, an estimated 106 million (95\% UI, 92–121) individuals in Asia had asthma, with age-standardised rates decreasing significantly. However, asthma-related deaths still accounted for 346,755 (278,046–464,848) cases in 2021. In contrast, the AD burden remained stable, with 68.1 million (65.4–71.0) cases in 2021, reflecting a 16.1\% increase since 1990, though the age-standardised prevalence remained unchanged. AD exhibited the highest DALYs rates in high-income Asia Pacific and Central Asia, with significant gender disparities in prevalence. Conclusion: This study showed a declining age-standardised asthma burden, mortality, and impact, along with a stable burden of AD in Asia from 1990 to 2021. This comprehensive data analysis would provide invaluable insights for making targeted health interventions and policies aimed at mitigating the burden of allergic diseases in Asia.",

keywords = "allergy, Asia, asthma, atopic dermatitis, Global Burden of Disease Injuries and Risk Factors Study",

author = "\{GBD 2021 Asia Allergic Disorders Collaborators\} and Rosie Kwon and Adnani, \{Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah\} and Agampodi, \{Suneth Buddhika\} and Anurag Agrawal and Danish Ahmad and Sajjad Ahmad and Tauseef Ahmad and Haroon Ahmed and Ali, \{Syed Shujait\} and Awais Altaf and Isha Amatya and Abhishek Anil and Tahira Ashraf and Badiye, \{Ashish D.\} and Baig, \{Atif Amin\} and Bakkannavar, \{Shankar M.\} and Mainak Bardhan and Pritish Baskaran and Pankaj Bhardwaj and Bhat, \{Ajay Nagesh\} and Bhatti, \{Jasvinder Singh\} and Archith Boloor and Jyoti Brahmaiah and Muthia Cenderadewi and Sandip Chakraborty and Chattu, \{Vijay Kumar\} and Hitesh Chopra and Chou, \{Tzu Chieh\} and Devanbu, \{Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan\} and Dhane, \{Amol S.\} and Do, \{Thao Huynh Phuong\} and Defi Efendi and Ferry Efendi and Ibrahim Elsohaby and Ayesha Fahim and Fakhradiyev, \{Ildar Ravisovich\} and Fauk, \{Nelsensius Klau\} and Xiaoqi Feng and Takeshi Fukumoto and Abduzhappar Gaipov and Gandhi, \{Aravind P.\} and Ganiyani, \{Mohammad Arfat\} and Gau, \{Shuo Yan\} and Gautam, \{Rupesh K.\} and Arun Ghuge and Guan, \{Shi Yang\} and Sapna Gupta and Hasan, \{S. M.Mahmudul\} and Hasnain, \{Md Saquib\} and Hoan, \{Nguyen Quoc\} and Ramesh Holla and Nobuyuki Horita and Mehdi Hosseinzadeh and Hwang, \{Bing Fang\} and Irham, \{Lalu Muhammad\} and Islam, \{Md Rabiul\} and Ismail, \{Nahlah Elkudssiah\} and Ispayeva, \{Zhanat Bakhitovna IZB\} and Janodia, \{Manthan Dilipkumar\} and Shubha Jayaram and Nitin Joseph and Vidya Kadashetti and Neeti Kapoor and Himanshu Khajuria and Kim, \{Min Seo\} and Shivakumar, \{K. M.\} and Koul, \{Parvaiz A.\} and Mukhtar Kulimbet and Avinash Kumar and Dewesh Kumar and Vijay Kumar and Chandrakant Lahariya and Le, \{Huu Hoai\} and Le, \{Minh Huu Nhat\} and Le, \{Nhi Huu Hanh\} and Le, \{Thao Thi Thu\} and Le, \{Trang Diep Thanh\} and Munjae Lee and Li, \{Ming Chieh\} and Marzo, \{Roy Rillera\} and Sachith Mettananda and Giuseppe Minervini and Mini, \{G. K.\} and Mirrakhimov, \{Erkin M.\} and Mokdad, \{Ali H.\} and Rohith Motappa and Kavita Munjal and Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan and Ghulam Mustafa and Vinay Nangia and Shumaila Nargus and Navaratna, \{Samidi Nirasha Kumari\} and Muhammad Naveed and Nayak, \{Biswa Prakash\} and Nayak, \{Vinod C.\} and Nguyen, \{Duc Hoang\} and Nguyen, \{Hau Thi Hien\} and Nguyen, \{Nhien Ngoc Y.\} and Nguyen, \{Van Thanh\} and Niazi, \{Robina Khan\} and Noor, \{Syed Toukir Ahmed\} and Mahesh, \{P. A.\} and Padubidri, \{Jagadish Rao\} and Sungchul Park and Shankargouda Patil and Paudel, \{Suman Sharma\} and Dimitri Poddighe and Ramesh Poluru and Jalandhar Pradhan and Tina Priscilla and Qazi, \{Asma Saleem\} and Rahman, \{Mohammad Hifz Ur\} and Mosiur Rahman and Rahmani, \{Amir Masoud\} and Prashant Rajput and Sheena Ramazanu and Mithun Rao and Devarajan Rathish and Rout, \{Himanshu Sekhar\} and Nitai Roy and Priyanka Roy and Umar Saeed and Sajid, \{Mirza Rizwan\} and Salami, \{Afeez Abolarinwa\} and Samreen Saleem and Samodra, \{Yoseph Leonardo\} and Sarasmita, \{Made Ary\} and Aswini Saravanan and Tanmay Sarkar and Jennifer Saulam and Saya, \{Ganesh Kumar\} and Subramanian Senthilkumaran and Yashendra Sethi and Shaikh, \{Masood Ali\} and Alfiya Shamsutdinova and Rad, \{Javad Sharifi\} and Anupam Sharma and Shenoy, \{Rekha Raghuveer\} and Shetty, \{Pavanchand H.\} and Shetty, \{Premalatha K.\} and Mika Shigematsu and Sidhu, \{Jaspreet Kaur\} and Baljinder Singh and Harmanjit Singh and Paramdeep Singh and Surjit Singh and Virendra Singh and Srinivasamurthy, \{Suresh Kumar\} and Swain, \{Chandan Kumar\} and \{Sree Sudha\}, \{T. Y.\} and Jabeen Taiba and Ramna Thakur and Pugazhenthan Thangaraju and Ticoalu, \{Jansje Henny Vera\} and Sojit Tomo and Tran, \{Thang Huu\} and Duc, \{Nguyen Tran Minh\} and Era Upadhyay and Muhammad Waqas and Wickramasinghe, \{Nuwan Darshana Darshana\} and Angga Wilandika and Xinglin Yi and Naohiro Yonemoto and Chunxia Zhai and Zhang, \{Zhi Jiang\} and Hanqing Zhao and Shin, \{Jae Il\} and Yon, \{Dong Keon\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.",

year = "2025",

month = jul,

day = "9",

doi = "10.1111/cea.70024",

language = "English",

journal = "Clinical and Experimental Allergy",

issn = "0954-7894",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis in Asia, 1990–2021

T2 - The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

AU - GBD 2021 Asia Allergic Disorders Collaborators

AU - Kwon, Rosie

AU - Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah

AU - Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika

AU - Agrawal, Anurag

AU - Ahmad, Danish

AU - Ahmad, Sajjad

AU - Ahmad, Tauseef

AU - Ahmed, Haroon

AU - Ali, Syed Shujait

AU - Altaf, Awais

AU - Amatya, Isha

AU - Anil, Abhishek

AU - Ashraf, Tahira

AU - Badiye, Ashish D.

AU - Baig, Atif Amin

AU - Bakkannavar, Shankar M.

AU - Bardhan, Mainak

AU - Baskaran, Pritish

AU - Bhardwaj, Pankaj

AU - Bhat, Ajay Nagesh

AU - Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh

AU - Boloor, Archith

AU - Brahmaiah, Jyoti

AU - Cenderadewi, Muthia

AU - Chakraborty, Sandip

AU - Chattu, Vijay Kumar

AU - Chopra, Hitesh

AU - Chou, Tzu Chieh

AU - Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan

AU - Dhane, Amol S.

AU - Do, Thao Huynh Phuong

AU - Efendi, Defi

AU - Efendi, Ferry

AU - Elsohaby, Ibrahim

AU - Fahim, Ayesha

AU - Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich

AU - Fauk, Nelsensius Klau

AU - Feng, Xiaoqi

AU - Fukumoto, Takeshi

AU - Gaipov, Abduzhappar

AU - Gandhi, Aravind P.

AU - Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat

AU - Gau, Shuo Yan

AU - Gautam, Rupesh K.

AU - Ghuge, Arun

AU - Guan, Shi Yang

AU - Gupta, Sapna

AU - Hasan, S. M.Mahmudul

AU - Hasnain, Md Saquib

AU - Hoan, Nguyen Quoc

AU - Holla, Ramesh

AU - Horita, Nobuyuki

AU - Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi

AU - Hwang, Bing Fang

AU - Irham, Lalu Muhammad

AU - Islam, Md Rabiul

AU - Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah

AU - Ispayeva, Zhanat Bakhitovna IZB

AU - Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar

AU - Jayaram, Shubha

AU - Joseph, Nitin

AU - Kadashetti, Vidya

AU - Kapoor, Neeti

AU - Khajuria, Himanshu

AU - Kim, Min Seo

AU - Shivakumar, K. M.

AU - Koul, Parvaiz A.

AU - Kulimbet, Mukhtar

AU - Kumar, Avinash

AU - Kumar, Dewesh

AU - Kumar, Vijay

AU - Lahariya, Chandrakant

AU - Le, Huu Hoai

AU - Le, Minh Huu Nhat

AU - Le, Nhi Huu Hanh

AU - Le, Thao Thi Thu

AU - Le, Trang Diep Thanh

AU - Lee, Munjae

AU - Li, Ming Chieh

AU - Marzo, Roy Rillera

AU - Mettananda, Sachith

AU - Minervini, Giuseppe

AU - Mini, G. K.

AU - Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.

AU - Mokdad, Ali H.

AU - Motappa, Rohith

AU - Munjal, Kavita

AU - Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham

AU - Mustafa, Ghulam

AU - Nangia, Vinay

AU - Nargus, Shumaila

AU - Navaratna, Samidi Nirasha Kumari

AU - Naveed, Muhammad

AU - Nayak, Biswa Prakash

AU - Nayak, Vinod C.

AU - Nguyen, Duc Hoang

AU - Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien

AU - Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y.

AU - Nguyen, Van Thanh

AU - Niazi, Robina Khan

AU - Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed

AU - Mahesh, P. A.

AU - Padubidri, Jagadish Rao

AU - Park, Sungchul

AU - Patil, Shankargouda

AU - Paudel, Suman Sharma

AU - Poddighe, Dimitri

AU - Poluru, Ramesh

AU - Pradhan, Jalandhar

AU - Priscilla, Tina

AU - Qazi, Asma Saleem

AU - Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur

AU - Rahman, Mosiur

AU - Rahmani, Amir Masoud

AU - Rajput, Prashant

AU - Ramazanu, Sheena

AU - Rao, Mithun

AU - Rathish, Devarajan

AU - Rout, Himanshu Sekhar

AU - Roy, Nitai

AU - Roy, Priyanka

AU - Saeed, Umar

AU - Sajid, Mirza Rizwan

AU - Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa

AU - Saleem, Samreen

AU - Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo

AU - Sarasmita, Made Ary

AU - Saravanan, Aswini

AU - Sarkar, Tanmay

AU - Saulam, Jennifer

AU - Saya, Ganesh Kumar

AU - Senthilkumaran, Subramanian

AU - Sethi, Yashendra

AU - Shaikh, Masood Ali

AU - Shamsutdinova, Alfiya

AU - Rad, Javad Sharifi

AU - Sharma, Anupam

AU - Shenoy, Rekha Raghuveer

AU - Shetty, Pavanchand H.

AU - Shetty, Premalatha K.

AU - Shigematsu, Mika

AU - Sidhu, Jaspreet Kaur

AU - Singh, Baljinder

AU - Singh, Harmanjit

AU - Singh, Paramdeep

AU - Singh, Surjit

AU - Singh, Virendra

AU - Srinivasamurthy, Suresh Kumar

AU - Swain, Chandan Kumar

AU - Sree Sudha, T. Y.

AU - Taiba, Jabeen

AU - Thakur, Ramna

AU - Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan

AU - Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera

AU - Tomo, Sojit

AU - Tran, Thang Huu

AU - Duc, Nguyen Tran Minh

AU - Upadhyay, Era

AU - Waqas, Muhammad

AU - Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Darshana

AU - Wilandika, Angga

AU - Yi, Xinglin

AU - Yonemoto, Naohiro

AU - Zhai, Chunxia

AU - Zhang, Zhi Jiang

AU - Zhao, Hanqing

AU - Shin, Jae Il

AU - Yon, Dong Keon

PY - 2025/7/9

Y1 - 2025/7/9

N2 - Background: Given the diverse population and regional differences across Asia, a comprehensive analysis of allergic diseases is crucial for guiding healthcare planning, resource allocation, and prevention strategies. Therefore, utilising the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we aimed to thoroughly investigate the burden of allergic conditions and their attributable risk factors in Asia. Methods: Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence and burden estimates were calculated across various regions within Asia (Central, South, Southeast, East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific) from 1990 to 2021, covering age groups segmented into five-year intervals and analysing data separately and combined for males and females. The Bayesian meta-regression tool was employed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and cause-specific mortality of allergic disorders. Asthma-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to each risk factor were estimated using relative risks, risk exposure and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Results: From 1990 to 2021, asthma in Asia showed significant declines in age-standardised prevalence, mortality, and DALYs, exceeding global trends. In 2021, an estimated 106 million (95% UI, 92–121) individuals in Asia had asthma, with age-standardised rates decreasing significantly. However, asthma-related deaths still accounted for 346,755 (278,046–464,848) cases in 2021. In contrast, the AD burden remained stable, with 68.1 million (65.4–71.0) cases in 2021, reflecting a 16.1% increase since 1990, though the age-standardised prevalence remained unchanged. AD exhibited the highest DALYs rates in high-income Asia Pacific and Central Asia, with significant gender disparities in prevalence. Conclusion: This study showed a declining age-standardised asthma burden, mortality, and impact, along with a stable burden of AD in Asia from 1990 to 2021. This comprehensive data analysis would provide invaluable insights for making targeted health interventions and policies aimed at mitigating the burden of allergic diseases in Asia.

AB - Background: Given the diverse population and regional differences across Asia, a comprehensive analysis of allergic diseases is crucial for guiding healthcare planning, resource allocation, and prevention strategies. Therefore, utilising the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we aimed to thoroughly investigate the burden of allergic conditions and their attributable risk factors in Asia. Methods: Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence and burden estimates were calculated across various regions within Asia (Central, South, Southeast, East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific) from 1990 to 2021, covering age groups segmented into five-year intervals and analysing data separately and combined for males and females. The Bayesian meta-regression tool was employed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and cause-specific mortality of allergic disorders. Asthma-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to each risk factor were estimated using relative risks, risk exposure and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Results: From 1990 to 2021, asthma in Asia showed significant declines in age-standardised prevalence, mortality, and DALYs, exceeding global trends. In 2021, an estimated 106 million (95% UI, 92–121) individuals in Asia had asthma, with age-standardised rates decreasing significantly. However, asthma-related deaths still accounted for 346,755 (278,046–464,848) cases in 2021. In contrast, the AD burden remained stable, with 68.1 million (65.4–71.0) cases in 2021, reflecting a 16.1% increase since 1990, though the age-standardised prevalence remained unchanged. AD exhibited the highest DALYs rates in high-income Asia Pacific and Central Asia, with significant gender disparities in prevalence. Conclusion: This study showed a declining age-standardised asthma burden, mortality, and impact, along with a stable burden of AD in Asia from 1990 to 2021. This comprehensive data analysis would provide invaluable insights for making targeted health interventions and policies aimed at mitigating the burden of allergic diseases in Asia.

KW - allergy

KW - Asia

KW - asthma

KW - atopic dermatitis

KW - Global Burden of Disease Injuries and Risk Factors Study

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011145730

U2 - 10.1111/cea.70024

DO - 10.1111/cea.70024

M3 - Article

C2 - 40633932

AN - SCOPUS:105011145730

SN - 0954-7894

JO - Clinical and Experimental Allergy

JF - Clinical and Experimental Allergy

ER -

Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis in Asia, 1990–2021: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this