Radiation pattern design of photonic crystal LED optimized by using multi-objective grey wolf optimizer

This paper proposes an effective method for shaping the radiation pattern intensity of photonic crystal (PhC) light-emitting diode (LED). In this method, the process of shaping the radiation pattern intensity is first formulated as a multi-objective problem. A multi-objective optimization, called multi-objective grey wolf optimizer, is then utilized to find a set of optimal designs. The proposed shaping method aims to focus the intensity of light in a narrow-angle range and provide uniform radiated light in this range. The proposed method is also described and applied to a case study. The results show that the method proposed is beneficial and could be utilized to design any kind of PhC LEDs. As the lack of analytical method prevents researchers from finding optimal designs, this method is a shortcut to systematically shape the radiated intensity of PhC LED light.