TY - JOUR
T1 - The impact of co-payment increases on dispensings of government-subsidised medicines in Australia
AU - Hynd, Anna
AU - Roughead, Elizabeth E.
AU - Preen, David B.
AU - Glover, John
AU - Bulsara, Max
AU - Semmens, James
PY - 2008/12/22
Y1 - 2008/12/22
N2 - Purpose: Patient co-payments for medicines subsidised under the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) increased by 24% in January 2005. We investigated whether this increase and two related co-payment changes were associated with changes in dispensings of selected subsidised medicines in Australia. Method: We analysed national aggregate monthly prescription dispensings for 17 medicine categories, selected to represent a range of treatments (e.g. for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, gout). Trends in medication dispensings from January 2000 to December 2004 were compared with those from January 2005 to September 2007 using segmented regression analysis. Results: Following the January 2005 increase in PBS co-payments, significant decrease in dispensing volumes were observed in 12 of the 17 medicine categories (range: 3.2-10.9%), namely anti-epileptics, anti-Parkinson's treatments, combination asthma medicines, eye-drops, glaucoma treatments, HmgCoA reductase inhibitors, insulin, muscle relaxants, non-aspirin antiplatelets, osteoporosis treatments, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and thyroxine. The largest decrease was observed for medicines used in treating asymptomatic conditions or those with over-the-counter (OTC) substitutes. Decrease in dispensings to social security beneficiaries was consistently greater than for general beneficiaries following the copayment changes (range: 1.8-9.4% greater, p=0.028). Conclusions: The study findings suggest that recent increase in Australian PBS co-payments have had a significant effect on dispensings of prescription medicines. The results suggest large increase in co-payments impact on patients' ability to afford essential medicines. Of major concern is that, despite special subsidies for social security beneficiaries in the Australian system, the recent co-payment increase has particularly impacted on utilisation for this group.
AB - Purpose: Patient co-payments for medicines subsidised under the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) increased by 24% in January 2005. We investigated whether this increase and two related co-payment changes were associated with changes in dispensings of selected subsidised medicines in Australia. Method: We analysed national aggregate monthly prescription dispensings for 17 medicine categories, selected to represent a range of treatments (e.g. for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, gout). Trends in medication dispensings from January 2000 to December 2004 were compared with those from January 2005 to September 2007 using segmented regression analysis. Results: Following the January 2005 increase in PBS co-payments, significant decrease in dispensing volumes were observed in 12 of the 17 medicine categories (range: 3.2-10.9%), namely anti-epileptics, anti-Parkinson's treatments, combination asthma medicines, eye-drops, glaucoma treatments, HmgCoA reductase inhibitors, insulin, muscle relaxants, non-aspirin antiplatelets, osteoporosis treatments, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and thyroxine. The largest decrease was observed for medicines used in treating asymptomatic conditions or those with over-the-counter (OTC) substitutes. Decrease in dispensings to social security beneficiaries was consistently greater than for general beneficiaries following the copayment changes (range: 1.8-9.4% greater, p=0.028). Conclusions: The study findings suggest that recent increase in Australian PBS co-payments have had a significant effect on dispensings of prescription medicines. The results suggest large increase in co-payments impact on patients' ability to afford essential medicines. Of major concern is that, despite special subsidies for social security beneficiaries in the Australian system, the recent co-payment increase has particularly impacted on utilisation for this group.
KW - Co-payment
KW - Essential medicines
KW - Patient contribution
KW - Time series analysis
KW - Utilisation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=57649143880&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/pds.1670
DO - 10.1002/pds.1670
M3 - Article
C2 - 18942671
AN - SCOPUS:57649143880
VL - 17
SP - 1091
EP - 1099
JO - Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
SN - 1053-8569
IS - 11
ER -